HYDRON  BLUE 

PATENTED 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY 

182  and  184  Front  Street, 

NEW  YORK. 

Boston:  39  Oliver  Street. 

Philadelphia:  f 25  and  128  South  Front  Street. 
Providence:  64  Exchange  Place. 

Atlanta:  47  North  Pryor  Street. 

Montreal) Canada, 59. William  Street, 


No.  3822 


LEOPOLD  CASSELLA  & Co.,  G.  m.  b.  H.,  FRANKFORT 


GIVEN  BY 


Franklin  Institute  Library 

PHILADELPHIA 

Class.  A AT?.... & Book.&.lTfAA 

33  2-^ 

Accession  Js3..7l....!%... 

REFERENCE 


Works  at  Mainkur  near  Frankfort 


HYDRON  BLUE  G and  R 

PATENTED 

PASTE  20%  and  POWDER 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY 


182  jVNi/  184  -RO NT- STREET- 


N EW  YOkk  - 


BOSTON:  39  Oliver  street 
PHILADELPHIA:  126  and  128  south  front  street 
PROVIDENCE:  64  exchange  place 
ATLANTA:  47  north  pryor  street 
MONTREAL:  Canada:  59  william  street. 


1911. 


No  3322. 


'J 


HYDRON  BLUE  G AND  R 

PAT. 

PASTE  20  7°  AND  POWDER. 


The  two  products  belong  to  a new  group  of  Vat  Dyestuffs,  and 
are  distinguished  for  their  excellent  properties  of  fastness  as  well  as 
for  their  particularly  good  levelling  properties. 

They  are  dyed  on  cotton  with  Hydrosulphite  and  caustic  soda, 
and  may  be  applied  in  a similar  manner  for  any  other  vegetable  fibre, 
such  as  linen,  china-grass,  etc. 


Properties : 


Fastness  to  Light: 


Fastness  to  Washing 


Fastness  to  Acids: 


Both  products  possess  eminent  fast- 
ness to  light: 

Hydron  Blue  R:  IV — V, 

Hydron  Blue  G:  V. 

Indigo,  which  forms  the  basis 
for  our  classification,  and  in  fast- 
ness to  light  is  represented  by 
“IV”,  is  considerably  surpassed 
by  these  two  new  products,  parti- 
cularly by  Hydron  Blue  G. 

Excellent. 

The  dyeings  are  not  altered  in 
shade  even  by  the  severest  wash- 
ing, and  white  cotton  is  not 
stained.  They  likewise  resist 
boiling  with  soda  very  satisfac- 
torily. 

Very  good. 

The  dyeings  admirably  resist  a 
severe  boiling  with  acids  without 
staining  white  wool  contiguous 
to  the  dyed  cotton. 


- 1 - 


bn 


Fastness  to  Chloring 
and  Bleaching: 


Fastness  to  Stoving: 

Fastness  to  Hot 

Pressing  : 

Fastness  to  Rubbing: 


The  dyeings  excellently  resist  a 
washing  with  the  addition  of  chlor- 
ide of  lime,  and  are  superior  to 
Indigo  dyeings  in  this  respect. 
For  articles  also  which  are  woven 
in  the  grey  and  bleached  in  the 
piece,  Hydron  Blue  may  be  used  to 
advantage;  the  preliminary  boiling 
should  be  carried  out  with  Turkey- 
red  oil  and  the  bleaching  with 
hypochlorite  of  soda.  See  page  11. 

Very  good. 

Very  good. 

Very  good. 


It  has  moreover  to  be  mentioned  particularly  that  Hydron  Blue 
dyeings  retain  their  shade  in  the  sizing  much  better  than  other 
dyestuffs,  which  become  much  paler  in  the  sizing,  especially  so  in  the 
case  of  dark  shades. 


The  method  of  dyeing  with  Hydron  Blue  is  very  simple,  and 
is  carried  out  as  follows: 

Loose  Cotton  is  dyed  in  wooden,  copper,  or  iron  vessels.  The 
cotton  is  wetted  out  and  then  dyed  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.). 
After  the  dyeing,  the  goods  are  thrown  out,  hydroextracted,  then  left 
lying  for  some  time  exposed  to  the  air  in  order  to  oxidise,  and  finally 
rinsed.  When  dyeing  loose  cotton  in  apparatus,  the  goods  are  rinsed 
straightaway  after  the  dyeing,  and  then  oxidised. 

Yarn  is  best  dyed  on  bent  sticks,  whereupon  it  is  squeezed  or 
wrung  off,  oxidised,  and  rinsed.  Straight  sticks  may  likewise  be  used, 
but  in  such  case  it  is  recommended  to  increase  the  amount  of  the 
reducing  agent  to  some  extent,  and  to  turn  or  immerse  the  goods 
more  frequently. 

Piece-goods  are  dyed  in  the  jigger,  padding  machine  or 
continuous  machine;  after  squeezing  off  evenly,  the  goods  are  given 
a short  air  passage,  whereupon  they  are  rinsed  warm. 

Cheeses,  Cops,  Warps  and  Roving  may  be  dyed  in  any  kind  of 
mechanical  apparatus,  which  may  be  made  of  wood,  copper,  iron  or 
nickel ine,  provided  only  that  the  liquor  can  be  removed  evenly  by 
suction  after  the  dyeing. 

The  Hydron  Blues  offer  a great  advantage  in  as  far  as  they  dye 
much  more  easily  and  evenly  in  apparatus  than  the  other  Vat  Blues. 


2 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  DYEING. 


Dissolving  H y d r o n Blue. 

The  paste  products  may  be  dissolved  straightaway  in  the  dye- 
bath.  The  dyestuff  is  mixed  with  as  soft  a water  as  is  available  and 
the  requisite  amount  of  lye,  and  then  added  to  the  warm  bath.  Then 
the  Hydrosulphite  previously  dissolved  with  cold  water  is  stirred  in. 
In  a few  minutes  complete  solution  is  accomplished. 

The  powder  products  before  being  added  to  the  bath  are  slowly 
made  into  a paste  with  five  times  their  weight  of  cold  or  luke- 
warm water  as  free  from  lime  as  possible,  to  which  — 1 gallon 

methylated  spirits  per  10  gallons  water  has  been  added.  This  paste 
is  then  added  through  a fine  sieve  to  the  liquor,  any  portions  remaining 
behind  being  crushed  and  washed  in  with  water.  Hereafter  the  lye 
and  Hydrosulphite  are  added  as  in  the  case  of  the  paste  products. 


DYEING  OF  COTTON  YARN  IN  THE  VESSEL. 

Preparing  the  Yarn.  A good  wetting  or  preliminary  boiling 
of  the  goods  is  essential.  For  the  boiling,  the  yarn  is  placed  in 
layers  hank  by  hank  in  wooden  or  iron  vessels  or  boilers,  and  then 
boiled  for  some  hours,  either  open  or  with  pressure,  with  3 — 5%  soda 
ash,  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol,  or  2 — 3%  caustic  soda  lye,  and 
hereafter  rinsed. 

In  the  case  of  pale  and  bright  shades,  the  cotton  yarn  is  fre- 
quently bleached  before  dyeing. 

Dyeing.  The  dyebath,  with  a volume  of  liquor  of  about  20 
times  the  weight  of  the  goods,  is  charged  approximately  as  follows: 


Hydron  Blue  G Powder  and  R Powder. 


For  light  and  medium  shades: 

Starting  bath: 

Subsequent  lots: 

Dyestuff 

0.4—  3 % 

0.4—  2.4% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

2 — 7.5% 

2—6  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

2 — 7.5% 

2—4  % 

For  deep  shades: 

Starting  bath: 

Subsequent  lots: 

Dyestuff 

4—6  % 

3 — 4.4% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  — 15  % 

7.5—11  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

10  —15  % 

6 — 8 % 

3 


Hydron  Blue  G and  R Paste  20%. 


For  light  and  medium  shades:  Starting  bath: 

Dyestuff  2 — 15  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  2 — 7.5% 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  2 — 7.5% 


Subsequent  lots: 
2 —12  % 
2—6  % 
2—4  % 


For  deep  shades:  Starting  bath: 

Dyestuff  20  — 30  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  —15  % 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  10  — 15  % 


Subsequent  lots: 

15  —22  % 
7.5—11  % 
6—8  % 


An  addition  of  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol  will  retard  the 
absorption  and  thus  effect  a better  penetration  in  the  case  of  hard- 
twisted  yarns. 

At  a temperature  of  about  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 440°  F.)  the 
caustic  soda  lye  and  the  dyestuff  are  added  to  the  bath,  whereupon 
the  Hydrosulphite  is  stirred  in  slowly  in  powder  form  or  to  better 
advantage  previously  dissolved  in  cold  water,  the  bath  being  stirred 
well  until  the  liquor  has  assumed  a completely  yellow  colour. 

The  dyeing  is  done  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.)  for  H to  1 
hour.  It  is  advisable  to  dye  on  bent  iron  rods  if  the  requirements  for 
levelness  are  particularly  exacting. 

The  dyeing  may  however  be  done  also  on  straight  sticks,  but  in 
such  case  it  is  advisable  to  use  an  increased  amount  of  Hydrosulphite, 
and  to  turn  the  goods  more  frequently.  Instead  of  turning  frequently, 
the  yarn  may  after  turning  a few  times  over  be  submersed  below  the 
surface  of  the  liquor;  it  is  then  sufficient  to  turn  the  yarn  twice 
during  the  dyeing. 

While  dyeing  with  Hydron  Blue  the  bath  should  appear  reduced 
to  a golden  yellow,  and  the  parts  coming  out  of  the  liquor  during 
the  turning  must  have  a light  yellow  colour  and  not  show  up  blue 
or  green.  If  the  latter  is  the  case,  the  amount  of  reducing  and 
dissolving  agent  is  insufficient,  so  some  Hydrosulphite  should  first 
be  added  and  then  some  lye  also,  if  necessary. 

Before  lifting  the  yarn,  it  is  given  two  or  three  consecutive 
turns,  and  squeezed  off  stick  by  stick.  It  is  then  as  a rule  wrung  off 
immediately,  exposed  to  the  air  for  % to  1 hour  in  order  to  oxidize 
better,  and  rinsed  thoroughly. 


4 


TREATMENT  SUBSEQUENT  TO  THE  DYEING. 

Instead  of  wringing  off  and  exposing  to  the  air  after  the  dyeing, 
an  oxidation  may  be  effected  by  an  after  treatment  with  perborate. 
Add  Yi — 3A%  perborate  of  soda  to  the  last  rinsing  bath,  raise  the 
temperature  to  40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120°  F.),  and  treat  for  10  to  15 
minutes. 

Considerably  brighter  dyeings  are  obtained  by  a stronger  treat- 
ment with  perborate  after  the  rinsing.  Add  1 — 2%  perborate  of  soda 
to  the  bath  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.),  enter  the  yarn,  raise 
gradually  to  boiling  temperature,  and  treat  for  about  30  minutes  in  all. 

Aftertreatment  with  Sulphate  of  Copper.  An  improvement  in 
the  fastness  to  boiling  and  light,  which  are  already  excellent,  may  be 
effected  by  aftertreating  for  20  to  30  minutes  in  a hot  bath  with 
3 — 4%  sulphate  of  copper  and  3 — 5%  acetic  acid. 

The  aftertreated  dyeings  are  finally  well  rinsed  as  usual. 


DYEING  OF  MERCERISED  COTTON  YARN. 

Mercerised  cotton  yarn  is  dyed  and  aftertreated  in  exactly  the 
same  manner  as  described  above  for  ordinary  cotton  yarn.  Mercerised 
yarn  however  absorbing  the  dyestuff  much  more  rapidly  than  ordinary 
yarn,  it  is  advisable  in  every  case  to  add  a little  Monosolvol  or  Turkey- 
red  oil  to  the  bath,  and  for  pale  shades  to  increase  also  the  amount 
of  Hydrosulphite,  and  further  also  to  commence  the  dyeing  at  a lower 
temperature,  and  to  raise  the  temperature  gradually. 


DYEING  OF  LINEN  YARN. 

Linen  yarn  is  dyed  in  the  same  way  as  indicated  for  cotton 
yarn  in  the  directions  given  on  pages  3 to  5,  all  the  difference  being 
that  it  is  advisable  to  add  a little  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol  to  the 
bath,  and  the  amount  of  dyestuff  may  also  be  slightly  reduced. 


DYEING  OF  LOOSE  COTTON 
IN  OPEN  VESSELS  OR  KETTLES. 

The  Hydron  Blues  are  dyed  on  loose  cotton  in  the  same  kinds  of 
vessels  or  kettles  as  are  used  for  other  dyestuffs,  which  may  consist  of 
wood,  copper  or  iron. 

The  dyebaths  are  charged  in  the  same  manner  as  for  cotton  yarn. 


Before  dyeing,  it  is  best  to  wet  out  the  cotton  with  boiling  hot 
water  to  which  a little  soda  ash,  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol  has 
been  added.  Dye  for  % to  1 hour  whilst  turning  in  the  usual  manner, 
throw  out,  whizz  if  possible,  and  allow  to  oxidise  in  the  air  for  some 
time;  hereafter  rinse  thoroughly. 

Further  methods  of  aftertreatment  which  may  be  mentioned  are 
those  indicated  for  cotton  yarn. 


MACHINE-DYEING. 

LOOSE  COTTON. 

Loose  cotton  is  dyed  in  apparatus  exclusively  according  to  the 
packing  system.  For  this  purpose  the  cotton  is  packed  tightly  into 
the  receptacle.  Frequently  water  is  run  on  to  the  cotton,  which 
tightens  the  packing  and  renders  it  possible  to  pack  a larger  quantity 
of  cotton  into  the  receptacle. 

SLIVER  AND  ROVING. 

These  are  dyed  in  various  forms,  particularly  the  following: 

In  loose  rolls  in  the  same  kind  of  packing  apparatus  and  in  the 
same  manner  as  loose  cotton; 

in  form  of  bobbins  as  roving  by  the  spindle  system,  in  which 
case  the  material  after  dyeing  is  dried  on  the  bobbins; 

as  sliver  in  a continuous  passage.  As  the  dyeing  is  done  in 
very  short  passages,  the  dyebath  must  be  considerably  more  concen- 
trated than  usual.  The  indications  regarding  the  dyeing  of  warps  in 
continuous  dyeing  machines  on  page  9 will  serve  as  a guide. 

CHEESES  AND  COPS. 

Cheeses  are  dyed  both  according  to  the  packing  and  the  spindle 
system.  Cops  are  dyed  to  best  advantage  by  the  spindle  system,  which 
is  employed  almost  exclusively. 


WARPS. 

Warps  are  dyed  according  to  various  methods,  usually  by  a 
continuous  passage  in  warp-dyeing  machines;  see  page  9. 

They  are  frequently  also  dyed  wound  on  to  perforated  beams, 
which  are  placed  in  dyeing  machines,  the  liquor  being  forced  through 
the  warps  in  exactly  the  same  manner  as  in  the  case  of  cheeses 
and  cops. 

Occasionally  also  the  warps  are  dyed  according  to  the  packing 
system,  packed  tightly  into  the  apparatus. 


fi 


DYEING  IN  PACKING  AND  SPINDLE  APPARATUS. 

PREPARING  FOR  THE  DYEING. 


Before  dyeing,  the  material  must  be  wetted  well  or  boiled.  This 
is  done  for  20  to  30  minutes  in  a boiling  hot  bath,  to  which  a little 
Turkey-red  oil,  Monosolvol  or  soda  may  he  added  in  the  case  of  soft 
water  in  order  to  facilitate  the  wetting.  After  the  wetting,  the  goods 
are  rinsed  once  cold  in  order  to  cool  them  off. 

In  the  case  of  light  shades  the  material  is  frequently  also 
bleached.  This  is  best  done  with  hypochlorite  of  soda  and  a subsequent 
souring  off  with  hydrochloric  acid.  Attention  should  be  paid  to  the 
usual  neutralising  of  the  chlorine  and  acid  in  the  goods. 

DYEING. 

The  dyebaths  are  charged  per  100  lbs  material  and  the  usual 
volume  of  liquor  with  approximately  the  following  quantities: 


Hvdron  Blue  G and  R Powder. 


For  light  and  medium  shades:  Starting  bath: 

Dyestuff  6 oz — 3 lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  21U  — 71/s  „ 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  2*^ — 71/s  „ 


Subsequent  lots: 

6 OZ 23/s  lbs 


For  deep  shades: 


Starting  bath: 


Dyestuff  4 — 6 lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  — 15  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  10  — 15  „ 


Subsequent  lots: 

3 — 4 3/8  lbs 

— 11  „ 


Hydron  Blue  G and  R Paste  20%. 


For  light  and  medium  shades: 

Dyestuff 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 


Starting  bath: 

2 —15  lbs 
214—  7 14  „ 
214—  7%  „ 


Subsequent  lots: 

3 —12  lbs 


For  deep  shades:  Starting  bath: 

Dyestuff  20  — 30  lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  - — 15  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  10  — 15  „ 


Subsequent  lots: 

15  —22  lbs 

IX— U „ 


Add  the  caustic  soda  lye  and  dyestuff  at  50 — 60°  C. 
(120 — 140°  F.),  stir  in  the  Hydrosulphite  cone,  gradually  in  powder 
form,  or  to  better  advantage  dissolved  previously  in  cold  water,  and  stir 
thoroughly  until  the  liquor  has  turned  completely  yellow.  Hereafter 
dye  for  14  to  1 hour  at  50—60°  C.  (120—140°  F.). 


During  the  dyeing  with  Hydron  Blue  the  bath  must  be  in  a 
well  reduced  condition.  The  liquor  should  be  golden  yellow  and  not 
have  a blue  or  greenish  appearance.  In  the  latter  case  there  is  a 
deficiency  of  reducing  and  dissolving  agent,  so  a little  more  Hydro- 
sulphite, and  afterwards  a little  lye,  if  necessary,  should  be  added. 


TREATMENT  AFTER  THE  DYEING. 


When  the  dyeing  is  complete,  the  goods  must  be  freed  as  far  as 
possible  from  liquor,  which  is  removed  from  the  goods  either  by 
pumping,  whizzing  or  suction  with  a vacuum. 

After  dyeing  in  packing  apparatus,  the  liquor  is  usually  drawn 
off  by  means  of  a pump  and  pressed  back  into  the  reservoir,  whereupon 
the  goods  are  rinsed  first  with  cold  and  then  with  warm  water.  If 
the  packing  apparatus  is  combined  with  a hydroextractor,  the  goods 
are  at  first  rinsed  once,  then  hydroextracted,  and  after  this  thoroughly 
rinsed. 

When  dyeing  on  spindles  it  is  best  to  remove  the  liquor  by 
vacuum,  whereupon  the  goods  are  rinsed.  If  it  is  not  possible  to 
draw  off  the  liquor  sufficiently  well  by  means  of  a vacuum,  it  is 
removed  with  a pump,  whereupon  the  goods  are  submersed  as  quickly 
as  possible  in  water  in  order  to  prevent  the  outer  layers  from  oxidising; 
to  enhance  the  effect  of  the  rinsing,  it  is  an  advantage  to  use  warm 
water  for  this  purpose. 

The  goods  dyed  by  the  packing  system,  in  cheeses,  or  in  form 
of  loose  cotton,  etc.,  are  to  advantage  left  for  some  time  lying  exposed 
to  the  air  after  rinsing  and  whizzing,  in  order  to  oxidise. 

The  same  effect  may  be  obtained  by  applying  one  of  the 
following  treatments: 

a)  Treatment  with  Perborate.  Add  about  H — 1%  perborate  of 
soda  to  the  last  rinsing  hath,  to  best  advantage  in  two  lots,  raise  the 
temperature  to  40 — 45°  C.  (105 — 115°  F.),  and  allow  the  perborate 
to  act  for  15  to  20  minutes. 

b)  Aftertreatment  with  Bichrome  and  Acetic  Acid.  First  add 
3 — 5%  acetic  acid  to  a cold  to  warm  bath,  and  then  2 — 3%  bichrome, 
allowing  these  to  act  for  15  to  20  minutes. 


8 


c)  Treatment  with  Bichrome  and  Bisulphite.  Add  Vi— 1% 
bichrome  to  the  cold  to  warm  bath,  allow  same  to  act  a few  minutes, 
then  add  3 — 6 oz  bisulphite  per  10  gallons  to  the  same  bath,  treat  for 
a few  minutes,  and  rinse. 

The  aftertreated  dyeings  are  finally  well  rinsed  as  usual. 

The  brightness  may  be  considerably  enhanced  by  the  following 
treatment  with  perborate  subsequent  to  the  rinsing: 

Add  1 — 2%  perborate  of  soda  in  two  lots  to  the  fresh  bath  of 
40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120°  F.),  raise  the  temperature  gradually  to  the 
boil,  and  treat  for  about  A hour  in  all;  hereafter  rinse. 


DYEING  OF  WARPS 

IN  THE  CONTINUOUS  DYEING  MACHINE. 

Warps  may  be  dyed  with  Hydron  Blue  in  any  kind  of  warp- 
dyeing machine  provided  with  squeezing  rollers  and  arrangements  for 
oxidising. 

Below  is  a sketch  of  the  machine  in  which  the  dyeing  may  be 
effected  in  one  passage.  The  drawing  shows  two  vats  for  rinsing 
after  the  passage  through  the  air  for  oxidation. 


9 


For  Hydron  Blue  G and  R Powder,  the  dyebaths  are  charged 
as  follows: 


For  light  and  medium  shades:  For  deep  shades: 


Dyestuff  1 14 — 4 14  oz  6 — 9 oz  I 

| per  10  | per  10 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  414 — 11  „ .gallons  l — 1 14  lbs  ( gallons 

J I liquor.  liquor. 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  4J4 — 11  „ | 1 — 114  „ | 


During  the  dyeing  the  dyebaths  are  strengthened  with  — 

For  light  and  medium  shades:  For  deep  shades: 

Dyestuff  0,7  — 2,4%  I re0cnk°”|d  3 — 4%|™cnk™| 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  1,75 — 6 % . oMhe'  7,5 — 10%.  oMhe* 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  1,75—  4 % JmH&l  5 — 6%  | ^ed0 


For  Hydron  Blue  G and  R Paste  20%,  the  dyebaths  are 
charged  as  follows: 

For  light  and  medium  shades:  For  deep  shades: 

Dyestuff  8 oz — 1 14  lbs  I 2—3  lbs  I 

I per  10  I per  10 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  4 14 — 11  oz  ; gallons  i — 114  gallons 

I liquor.  I liquor. 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  414 — 11  „ | 1 — 114  „ ) 

During  the  dyeing  the  dyebaths  are  strengthened  with  — 

For  light  and  medium  shades:  For  deep  shades: 

Dyestuff  3,5  — 12  % lreckoned-15  90%  lreckoned 

I on  the  ' I on  the 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  1,75—  6 % J.  7^5 10%  ot'the 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  1,75 — 4 % | bTdyed.  5 6 % | irnTyed. 

Add  the  caustic  soda  lye  and'  the  dyestuff  at  50 — 60°  C. 
(120—140°  F.),  stir  in  the  Hydrosulphite  gradually  in  powder  form, 
or  to  better  advantage  dissolved  in  cold  water,  and  agitate  well  until 
the  liquor  is  completely  yellow.  Regarding  the  reduction  of  the 
powder  product  to  a paste  see  page  3. 

The  warps,  previously  boiled,  or  well  wetted  and  then  whizzed 
or  squeezed  off,  are  dyed  at  50—60°  C.  (120—140°  F.),  squeezed  off 
very  well  and  evenly,  given  a passage  through  the  air,  and  rinsed 
thoroughly. 

If  there  are  no  guiding  rollers  for  the  air  passage,  the  warps 
after  the  squeezing  off  are  rinsed  straightaway  and  then  left  lying 
for  a few  hours  in  a damp  condition.  The  oxidation  may  be  accelerated 
by  an  aftertreatement  with  perborate  in  a warm  bath,  which  is  carried 
out  as  indicated  on  pages  8 and  9. 


10 


BLEACHING  OF  PIECE-GOODS  CONTAINING  YARN  DYED 
WITH  HYDRON  BLUE. 


For  certain  styles,  unbleached  yarn  is  woven  up  with  other  yarn 
and  then  bleached  in  the  piece.  It  is  a well-known  fact  that  only  few 
dyestuffs  will  withstand  this  operation,  and  even  then  special 
precautions  have  to  be  taken  in  bleaching.  The  Hydron  Blues  are 
very  well  suited  for  this  purpose.  The  pieces  containing  yarn  dyed 
with  Hydron  Blue  are  bleached  in  the  following  manner: 

Boil  the  pieces  for  about  1 hour  in  a jigger  with  4 — 8 oz  Turkey- 
red  oil  or  Monosol vol  per  10  gallons,  and  rinsei;  then  bleach  for 
a few  hours  with  hypochlorite  of  soda  of  % — 1°  Tw.  in  the  customary 
manner,  rinse  once  or  twice,  and  sour  off  for  20  to  30  minutes  in 
hydrochloric  acid  of  14°  Tw. 

Hereafter  enter  into  a fresh  bath  containing  K — 1 % oz  sodium 
bisulphite  per  10  gallons,  allow  this  to  react  for  15  to  20  minutes,  rinse 
thoroughly,  and  finally  soap  if  necessary. 

Hypochlorite  of  soda  is  prepared  as  follows: 

100  lbs  of  chloride  of  lime  33%  are  rubbed  with  40  gallons  of 
water  to  a paste,  and  60  lbs  of  soda  ash  are  dissolved  in  20  gallons  of 
boiling  water  and  diluted  with  10  gallons  of  cold  water.  The  soda 
solution  is  added  to  the  paste  of  chloride  of  lime  and  the  mixture  stirred 
for  hour  and  allowed  to  settle  overnight.  The  clear  solution  is  drawn 
off  and  the  precipitate  washed  4 or  5 times  with  cold  water,  the  wash 
water  being  used  to  dilute  the  solution  to  150  gallons  of  6 — 7°  Tw.  It 
may  be  entirely  freed  from  lime  by  the  addition  of  1 — 2 lbs  soda  ash, 
which  precipitates  the  remaining  lime.  The  solution  reacts  somewhat 
alkaline. 


11 


DYEING  OF  PIECE-GOODS. 


On  piece-goods,  Hydron  Blue  may  be  dyed 

a)  in  the  jigger 

b)  in  the  padding  machine 

c)  in  the  continuous  dyeing  machine 

d)  in  the  vat. 

a)  DYEING  IN  THE  JIGGER. 

For  this  purpose  the  customary  jigger  with  squeezing  rollers 
and  arrangements  for  oxidising  is  used.  Occasionally  the  jigger  with 
the  guide  rollers  submersed  in  the  liquor  is  used,  particularly  for  goods 
which  are  hard  to  penetrate. 

The  dyeing  is  carried  out  according  to  the  following  directions: 


HYDRON  BLUE  G AND  R POWDER. 


For  light  shades: 

Starting  bath: 

Subsequent  lots: 

Dyestuff 

0.6—  2% 

0.6—  1.6% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 — 6% 

3—5  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

3 — 5% 

3 — 4 % 

For  medium  shades: 

Dyestuff 

2 — 4% 

1.6—  3 % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

6 —12% 

5—9  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 —10% 

4—6  % 

For  deep  shades: 

Dyestuff 

4 — 6% 

3 — 4.4% 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

12  —18% 

9 —14  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

10  —15% 

6—8  % 

HYDRON  BLUE 

G AND  R PASTE  20°/o 

For  light  shades: 

Starting  bath: 

Subsequent  lots: 

Dyestuff 

3 —10% 

3—8  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

3 — 6% 

3—5  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

3 — 5% 

3—4  % 

For  medium  shades: 

Dyestuff 

10  —20% 

8 —15  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

6 —12% 

5—9  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 —10% 

4—6  % 

For  deep  shades: 

Dyestuff 

20  —30% 

15  —22  % 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

12  —18% 

9 —14  % 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

10  —15% 

6—8  % 

12 


Hydron  Blue  Powder  is  mixed  to  a paste  with  water  containing 
methylated  spirits  as  indicated  on  page  3 and  added  to  the  bath  of 
about  60°  C.  (140°  F.)  through  a fine  sieve. 

The  paste  products  are  mixed  with  a little  water  and  added 
straight  to  the  dyehath.  The  caustic  soda  lye  is  then  added  and 
hereafter  the  requisite  amount  of  Hydrosulphite,  which  is  best 
dissolved  beforehand  in  cold  water.  The  liquor  is  then  stirred  until 
completely  yellow.  When  dyeing  goods  which  are  difficult  to  dye 
through,  it  is  well  to  add  3 — 5 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol  per 
10  gallons  of  dye  liquor. 

The  dyebath  as  well  as  the  goods  must  appear  entirely  yellow 
during  the  dyeing.  If  the  selvedges  of  the  goods  begin  to  assume  a 
dark  appearance,  some  Hydrosulphite  must  be  added. 

The  goods,  after  being  well  freed  from  size  and  prepared  for 
the  dyeing,  are  dyed  at  about  60 — 70°  C.  (140 — 160°  F.)  in  8 to  10 
passages  in  a jigger  provided  with  squeezing  rollers.  Towards  the  end 
of  the  dyeing  operation  the  temperature  may  to  advantage  be  somewhat 
increased. 

The  goods  are  then  squeezed  off  evenly  and  oxidised  by  means  of 
a passage  through  the  air:  hereafter  they  are  thoroughly  rinsed. 


EXAMPLE  FROM  PRACTICE  FOR  MEDIUM  BLUE. 

100  lbs  twilled  goods.  50  gallons  liquor. 

Starting  bath: 

114  lbs  Hydron  Blue  G Powder  or  714  lbs  Paste  20%. 

114  ,,  Hydron  Blue  R Powder  or  714  lbs  Paste  20%. 

9 „ Plydrosulphite  cone.  Powder. 

8 „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 

19  oz  Hydron  Blue  G Powder  or  6 lbs  Paste  20%. 

19  „ Hydron  Blue  R Powder  or  6 lbs  Paste  20%. 

714  lbs  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder. 

5 „ Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

The  goods  prepared  for  dyeing  and  well  freed  from  size  are  dyed 
at  about  60 — 70°  C.  (140 — 160°  F.).  After  the  last  passage  they  are 
squeezed  off  without  batching  and  passed  over  several  guiding  rollers 
in  order  to  oxidise,  being  then  immediately  and  thoroughly  rinsed  in  a 
second  jigger  standing  ready  for  the  purpose. 


t3 


bl  DYEING  IN  THE  PADDING  MACHINE. 


The  dyeing  in  the  padding  machine  is  done  in  the  customary 
manner  with  the  same  ingredients  as  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger.  It  is 
well  to  select  as  large  a trough  as  possible  for  the  purpose.  According 
to  the  shade  desired,  the  goods  are  passed  once  or  several  times 
through  the  padding  machine.  By  subsequently  adding  a stronger 
colour  solution  the  dyebath  is  correspondingly  strengthened. 

Light  and  medium  shades  may  likewise  be  produced  by  padding. 
The  goods,  which  have  previously  been  freed  from  size  and  then  dried, 
are  passed  through  the  usual  small  padding  trough,  which,  according 
to  the  shade  desired,  is  charged  with 

3 — 12  oz  Hydron  Blue  Powder  or  1 — 4 lbs  Hydron  Blue  Paste  20% 
1 — 4 lbs  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
lA — 2 lbs  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

5 oz  Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol 
per  10  gallons  liquor. 

The  temperature  of  the  dye  liquor  is  maintained  at  60 — 80°  C. 
(140 — 175°  F.)  in  the  usual  manner  by  heating  with  indirect  steam. 
The  liquor  is  prepared  in  the  required  strength,  in  a vessel  placed 
above  the  other,  and  is  allowed  to  flow  continually  into  the  padding 
trough  during  the  dyeing.  After  the  squeezing  off,  the  goods  pass 
over  some  guiding  rollers  through  the  air  in  order  to  oxidise,  and  are 
then  rinsed  thoroughly  in  the  usual  manner. 

As  a rule  the  dyeing  may  be  completed  in  one  passage;  only  for 
deeper  shades  a second  passage  may  have  to  he  considered. 


e)  DYEING  IN  THE  CONTINOUS  DYEING  MACHINE. 


This  method  comes  mainly  into  consideration  for  lighter  quali- 
ties of  goods.  For  dyeing  medium  blue,  for  instance,  the  bath  is 
charged  with 

27U — 5* 2  3 4/4  oz  Hydron  Blue  G Powder 
27/s — 53/4  oz  Hydron  Blue  R Powder 
1 lb  3 oz — 2 lbs  6 oz  Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
1 — 2 lbs  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

3 — 5 oz  Turkev-red  oil  or  Monosolvol 


per  10  gallons 
liquor. 


During  the  dyeing  the  dyebath  is  strengthened  with 
0.9 — 1.8%  Hydron  Blue  G powder 
0.9 — 1.8%  Hydron  Blue  R Powder 
5.5 — 11  % Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

4 — 7 % Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

0.5 — 1 % Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol 


reckoned  on  the 
weight  of  the 
goods. 


14 


Dye  in  one  passage  at  60 — 70°  C.  (140—160°  F.),  then  squeeze 
off,  pass  over  some  guiding  rollers  in  order  to  oxidise,  and  rinse 
well. 

d)  DYEING  IN  THE  VAT. 

The  dyeing  in  the  vat  is  carried  out  in  the  same  manner  as 
customary  for  Indigo,  except  that  only  one  passage  is  necessary  even 
for  deep  shades. 

The  vat  is  to  advantage  heated  a little  in  order  to  accelerate  the 
absorption  of  the  dyestuff. 

The  usual  good  rinsing  follows  the  dyeing. 

The  relative  proportions  of  caustic  soda  lye  and  dyestuff  are 
the  same  as  indicated  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger. 

AFTERTREATMENT  WITH  PERBORATE. 

If  particularly  bright  shades  are  desired,  these  may  easily  be 
obtained  by  an  aftertreatment  with  perborate.  The  aftertreatment  is 
carried  out  by  adding  K — 1%  perborate  of  soda  to  the  last  rinsing 
bath  and  treating  the  goods  therein  for  some  time  while  gradually 
raising  the  bath  to  the  boil. 


'DYEING  OF  MERCERISED  FABRICS. 

The  same  method  and  the  same  additions  are  required  as 
indicated  for  ordinary  piece-goods,  the  only  difference  being  that  the 
amount  of  dyestuff  is  reduced  by  about  one-quarter,  that  of  Hydro- 
sulphite on  the  other  hand  rather  being  increased  and  a little  Turkey- 
red  oil  or  Monosol vol  being  added  to  the  dyebath. 


DYEING  OF  LINEN  AND  HALF-LINEN  FABRICS. 

Linen  and  half-linen  piece-goods  are  dyed  principally  in  the 
ordinary  jigger  provided  with  squeezing  rollers  and  arrangements  for 
oxidising,  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same  additions  as  in  the 
case  of  cotton  piece-goods,  except  that  the  amount  of  dyestuff  may  be 
reduced  by  about  one-third. 

In  order  to  attain  good  penetration,  the  duration  of  the  dyeing 
should  be  prolonged  a little,  and  in  such  case  it  is  advisable  also  to 
dye  in  a jigger  with  the  guide  rollers  submersed  in  the  liquor. 


15 


Example  : 

Dark  Blue  on  150  lbs  unbleached  Linen.  80  gallons  liquor. 
Starting  bath: 

3 lbs  9K  oz  Hydron  Blue  G Powder  or  18  lbs  Paste  20% 

14  'A  „ Hydron  Blue  It  Powder  or  4J4  lbs  Paste  20% 

15  „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

12  „ Caustic  soda  lye  of  77°  Tw. 

4 „ Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol. 

For  subsequent  lots: 

2 lbs  6 Yi  oz  Hydron  Blue  G Powder  or  12  lbs  Paste  20% 

1114  „ Hydron  Blue  R Powder  or  314  lbs  Paste  20% 

1014  „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

8 „ Caustic  soda  lye  of  77°  Tw. 

2 „ 6 „ Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol. 

After  dyeing,  squeeze  off,  pass  through  the  air  over  a few 
guiding  rollers  in  order  to  oxidise,  and  rinse  thoroughly. 


16 


COMBINATIONS  OF  HYDRON  BLUES  WITH 
OTHER  DYESTUFFS. 


a)  INDIGO  AND  OTHER  VAT  COLOURS 

may  be  dyed  together  in  the  same  bath  with  Hydron  Blue  according 
to  the  directions  for  Hydron  Blue.  It  will  only  have  to  be  borne  in 
mind  that  some  of  the  vat  colours  require  more  Hydrosulphite  and 
caustic  soda,  and  the  quantities  of  these  ingredients  have  to  be 
increased  accordingly. 

Combinations  with  a large  proportion  of  Indigo  are  dyed  to 
advantage  at  a reduced  temperature,  say,  about  40°  C.  (105°  F.),  and 
it  has  to  be  taken  into  consideration  that  three-quarters  to  four-fifths 
of  the  Indigo  remain  behind  in  the  bath,  while  the  Hydron  Blue  on 
the  other  hand  is  nearly  exhausted. 

Hydron  Blue  may  likewise  be  applied  as  a bottom,  the  goods 
being  topped  with  Indigo  in  any  kind  of  Indigo  vat  in  the  customary 
manner. 

b)  DIAMINE,  IMMEDIAL  AND  BASIC  COLOURS. 

These  dyestuffs  when  dyed  in  combination  with  Hydron  Blue 
are  best  used  by  topping  the  goods  previously  dyed  with  Hydron  Blue 
in  accordance  with  directions. 

The  Diamine  Colours  are  in  such  case  applied  either  in  the 
usual  manner,  or,  when  only  slight  quantities  are  required,  are 
added  to  the  last  rinsing  bath  or  to  a hot  soap  bath. 

The  topping  with  Immedial  Colours  is  carried  out  by  first 
dyeing  with  Hydron  Blue  and  then  topping  with  the  Immedial 
Colours  in  a sodium  sulphide  bath. 

Basic  Colours  are  applied  in  a cold  bath  with  the  addition  of 
3 — 5%  acetic  acid,  the  dyestuff  being  added  in  several  portions  and 
the  baths  then  heated  gradually  to  40 — 50°  C.  (105 — 120°  F.).  The 
goods  are  then  well  rinsed. 


17 


HYDRON  BLUE  FOR  PRINTING. 


The  two  Hydron  Blue  brands  are  very  well  suited  for  printing 
purposes,  both  on  account  of  their  excellent  fastness  to  washing,  light 
and  chloring,  and  by  reason  of  their  simple  method  of  application; 
they  may  be  used  both  for  piece-goods  and  for  yarns. 


PRINTING  OF  PIECE-GOODS. 

I.  DIRECT  PRINTING. 

For  direct  printing,  the  following  recipe  has  been  found  very 
suitable: 


Printing  directions  for  Hydron  Blue  G and  It  Paste  20%. 

280 — 220  parts  hot  water, 

100—100  „ glycerine  and 

20 — 30  „ soda  ash  are  mixed  together  and  at  about 

50°  C.  (120°  F.) 

40 — 100  „ dyestuff  are  added  whilst  stirring. 

GO — 150  „ Hyraldite  C extra  1:1  (dissolved  in  water) 

are  then  added,  the  whole  is  well  agitated, 
and  the  warm  solution  added  to 
500 — 400  „ neutral  thickening. 

1000 


NEUTRAL  THICKENING: 


100  parts  Wheat  starch, 

400  ,,  British  gum  and 

500  „ water  are  mixed  and  boiled. 

1000  parts 


After  printing  and  drying,  steam  in  a rapid  ager  at  100 — 102°  C. 
(212 — 216°  F.),  with  steam  as  free  from  air  as  possible;  hereafter 
sour  off  lightly,  to  best  advantage  with  the  addition  of  a little 
bichrome  (8  oz  sulphuric  acid  and  3 — 5 oz  bichrome  per  10  gallons), 
wash,  soap,  rinse,  and  dry. 

Somewhat  brighter  shades  may  be  obtained  by  aftertreating 
with  a weak  solution  of  perborate  of  soda  subsequent  to  the  rinsing. 
For  this  purpose,  % — 1 MS  oz  perborate  per  10  gallons  are  used,  the 
printed  goods  being  passed  through  the  solution  at  40—50°  C. 
(105—120°  F.). 


- 18 


The  Hydron  Blues  may  be  combined  to  very  good  advantage 
with  other  vat  colours  also  to  be  printed  with  the  addition  of 
Hyraldite  and  alkali,  by  which  means  various  mode  shades  may 
likewise  be  obtained.  As  illuminating  colours  the  other  products, 
which  may  easily  be  fixed  by  a short  steaming,  come  in  the  first  place 
into  consideration,  that  is  to  say,  vat  colours  in  particular;  for  red, 
Parani tramline  Bed  may  also  be  applied. 


II.  GREY  PRINTS  WITH  HYDRON  BLUE  G AND  R PASTE  20°/o. 

(Patented  Method.) 

The  combinations  obtained  by  the  action  of  bisulphite  on  Hydron 
Blue  yield  very  fast  grey  prints,  when  printed  with  the  addition  of 
acetate  of  chrome. 

PRINTING  RECIPE: 

150  parts  Hydron  Blue  G or  B Paste  20%  are  mixed  well  with 
150  „ bisulphite  of  65°  Tw.,  the  mixture  being  allowed  to 

stand  overnight.  Then 
60  „ glycerine, 

40  „ acetic  acid  8°  Tw.  and 

50  „ water  are  added,  the  whole  being  mixed  with 

470  „ neutral  thickening,  and  finally 

80  „ acetate  of  chrome  of  32°  Tw.  are  added. 


1000  parts. 


After  printing  and  drying,  the  goods  are  either  steamed  for  a 
few  minutes  in  a rapid  ager,  or  steamed  without  pressure  in  a cottage 
steamer,  washed,  soaped  if  necessary,  rinsed,  and  dried. 


III.  SPRAY-PRINTING. 

The  Hydron  Blues  have  proved  very  suitable  also  for  spray- 
printing. 

Directions  for  Spray  Printing  with  Hydron  Blue  G and  B Paste  20%. 

600—510  parts  hot  water, 

50 — 50  „ glycerine  and 

20 — 30  „ soda  ash  are  mixed  together,  and  at  about 

50°  C.  (120°  F.) 

40 — 80  „ dyestuff  (paste)  are  added  whilst  stirring. 

40 — 80  „ Hyraldite  C extra  1:1  (dissolved  in  water) 

are  added,  the  warm  solution  being  well 
agitated  and  added  to 

250 — 250  „ British  gum  thickening  1:1. 


1000  parts 


After  spray-printing,  dry  and  steam  for  about  5 minutes  at 
100—102°  C.  (212—216°  F.)  with  steam  as  free  from  air  as  possible, 
and  pass  through  a feebly  acid  chrome  bath  (8  oz  sulphuric  acid  and 
3 — 5 oz  bichrome  per  10  gallons),  wash,  soap,  rinse,  and  dry. 

The  goods  may  also  be  treated  with  perborate  as  afore  indicated 
(page  18). 


IV.  RESERVE  PRINTING. 

For  resisting  Hydron  Blue,  the  same  resists  with  copper  and 
lead  salts  may  be  used  as  customary  for  Indigo  resists.  The  dyeing 
may  also  be  done  in  the  dipping  vat.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Hydron 
Blues  being  much  easier  to  dye  than  Indigo  and  levelling  better,  an 
ordinary  padding  machine  or  a small  roller-box  with  squeezing  rollers 
may  likewise  be  used,  and  on  account  of  the  simpler  method  of  working 
this  method  is  frequently  applied. 


The  following  dyeing  directions  will  serve  as  a guide: 


For  light  blue: 

Medium  bine 

2 lbs 

2 lbs 

— 

2 „ 

1 lb 

2 ,, 

1 „ 

2 „ 

3 oz 

3 oz 

Dark  blue: 

2 lbs  Hydron  Blue  G Paste  20%  | 

4 „ Hydron  Blue  R Paste  20%  | pgr  J0 

3 ,,  Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  Jgaiions 

3 „ Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  j llquor' 

3 oz  Turkey-red  oil 


First  add  the  caustic  soda  lye  and  the  Turkey-red  oil  and 
dyestuff  to  the  bath  at  about  50°  C.  (120°  F.),  then  gradually  add  the 
Hydrosulphite  dissolved  in  cold  water,  and  stir  well  until  the  liquor 
is  entirely  yellow. 

When  using  Hydron  Blue  Powder,  the  dyestuff  is  first  mixed  well 
to  a paste  with  the  addition  of  some  alcohol  as  indicated  on  page  3, 
this  paste  being  then  added  to  the  warm  bath. 

The  goods  printed  with  the  resist  are  dyed  at  about  35 — 40°  C. 
(95 — 105°  F.)  in  one  or  two  passages  of  about  one  minute  each;  in  the 
latter  case  the  goods  are  exposed  to  the  air  for  a few  minutes  between 
the  passages.  They  are  then  squeezed  off,  passed  through  the  air  over 
some  guiding  rollers,  and  finally  washed,  first  in  acidulated  water 
(2 — 3 pints  hydrochloric  acid  per  10  gallons)  and  then  thoroughly  in 
the  usual  manner  in  plain  water. 

The  resists  will  withstand  the  short  passage  through  a lukewarm 
bath  allright,  but  the  dyeing  may  also  be  done  cold  if  this  be  preferred 
in  one  case  or  the  other. 


PRINTING  OF  COTTON  YARN. 


Ilydron  lime  G and  R are  likewise  very  well  suited  for  the 
printing  of  cotton  yarn.  The  printing  directions  are  the  same  as  given 
for  direct  printing  of  piece  goods,  except  that  the  print  paste  should 
be  kept  a little  more  liquid,  which  is  best  attained  by  reducing  the 
amount  of  neutral  thickening  correspondingly. 


Without  guarantee. 


COTTON  AND  LINEN  YARN. 


Nos.  1—4.  HYDRON  BLUE  PAT.  G AND  R ON  COTTON  YARN. 
For  directions  for  dyeing  cotton  yarn  in  the  vessel  see  page  3. 


No.  1. 

3 % Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

No.  2.  9%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No.  3. 

7 % Hydron  Blue  It  pat. 

No.  4.  10%  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

Nos.  5-  8.  HYDRON  BLUE  PAT.  G AND  R ON  LINEN  YARN. 
Dyeing  directions  on  page  5. 


No.  5.  2 J4%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

No.  7.  8 % Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 


No.  6.  6%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

No.  8.  10%  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 


Nos.  9 and  10.  HYDRON  BLUE  PAT.  G AND  R ON  MERCERISED  COTTON  YARN. 
Dyeing  directions  on  page  5. 

No.  9.  2 % Hydron  Blue  G pat.  No.  10.  6%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%.  Paste  20%. 

1%  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 


The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  the  standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  on  page  4. 


22 


HYDRON  BLUE  R 


ON  COTTON  YARN, 


HYDRON  BLUE  G 


ON  LINEN  YARN. 


HYDRON  BLUE  R ON 


LINEN  YARN. 


HYDRON  BLUE  G AND  R ON  MERCERISED  COTTON  YARN. 


COTTON  AND  LINEN  YARN. 


HYDRON  BLUE  G ON  COTTON  YARN. 


3 


5 


7 


I 


I 


RANGE  OF  HYDRON  BLUE  TINTS  ON  COTTON. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  cotton  yarn  in  the  vessel  see  page  3. 


No. 

11. 

4 

% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste  20%. 

No. 

12. 

5,5 

0/0 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

No. 

13. 

5 

0/ 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

1,75 

Of 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

No. 

14. 

6 

Of 

/o 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

2 

of 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

No. 

15. 

5 

Of 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

3,5 

Of 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

No. 

1G. 

5 

of 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

5 

% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

No. 

17. 

5 

% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

7 

0/ 

Jo 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

No. 

18. 

4 

% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

9 

% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

No. 

19. 

14 

% 

Ilydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20%, 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  the  standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  on  page  4. 


23 


II 


DYEINGS  OF  HYDRON  BLUE 

aftertreated,  or  topped  with  Indigo. 


Nos.  20 — 25  AFTERTREATED  WITH  PERBORATE  OF  SODA. 

Dyed  according  to  directions  on  pages  3 and  4,  and  aftertreated  as  given  on  page  5. 


No.  20. 

5%  Hydron 

Blue  G pat. 

No.  21. 

8 

% Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No.  22. 

4%  Hydron 

Blue  G pat. 

No.  23. 

5 

% Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

2%  Hydron 

Blue  R pat. 

2 

% Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No.  24. 

10%  Hydron 

Blue  R pat. 

No.  25. 

13 

% Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

Nos.  26  and  27  AFTERTREATED  WITH  SULPHATE  OF  COPPER. 

Dyed  according  to  directions  on  pages  3 and  4,  and  aftertreated  as  given  on  page  5. 

No.  26.  12%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  No.  27.  12  % Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%.  Paste  20%. 


Nos  28  and  29  COMBINATIONS  WITH  INDIGO. 

For  fuller  particulars  regarding  combinations  with  Indigo  see  page  17. 


No.  28.  4%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 
2%  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 
topped  with  Indigo. 


No.  29.  4,5%  Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

4,5%  Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 
topped  with  Indigo. 


The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  the  standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  on  page  4. 


24 


DYEINGS  OF  HYDRON  BLUE 

aftertreated,  or  topped  with  Indigo. 


AFTERTREATED  WITH  PERBORATE  OF  SODA. 


AFTERTREATED  WITH  SULPHATE  OF  COPPER. 


COMBINATIONS  WITH  INDIGO. 


Ill 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  LOOSE  COTTON. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  in  t lie  vessel  see  page  5. 


No. 

30. 

3% 

Hydron 

Blue  G pat. 

No.  31.- 

5 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No. 

32. 

9% 

Hydron 

Blue  G pat. 

No.  33. 

18  % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No. 

34. 

5% 

Hydron 

Blue  R pat. 

No.  35. 

7,5% 

Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

No. 

36. 

12% 

Hydron 

Blue  R pat. 

No.  37. 

18  % 

Hydron  Blue  R pat. 

Paste  20%. 

Paste  20%. 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  the  standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  on  page  4. 


25 


IV 


HYDRON  BLUE  DYED  IN  MECHANICAL  APPARATUS. 


For  directions  for  machine-dyeing  see  page  6. 


COPS. 


No.  38. 

3 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  39. 

6 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  40. 

6 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

3 % 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%, 

No.  41. 

9 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 

4 % 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%, 

CHEESES. 

No.  42. 

5 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 

1,5% 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  43. 

6 % 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 

4 % 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  a standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  on  page  7. 


26 


HYDRON  BLUE  DYED  IN  MECHANICAL  APPARATUS. 


V 


HYDRON  BLUE  DYED  ON  WARPS  AND  SLIVER. 


WARPS  DYED  IN  THE  CONTINUOUS  DYEING  MACHINE. 

For  dyeing  directions  see  page  9. 

No.  44.  5%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

2%  Hydron  Blue  B pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  45.  7%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

7%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

SLIVER  DYED  IN  APPARATUS. 

For  directions  for  machine-dyeing  see  page  6. 

No.  40.  4%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  47.  12%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  48.  10%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

8%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 


The  quantities  of  dyestuff  are  to  be  understood  for  dyeing  subsequent 
lots  in  the  standing  bath;  the  starting  baths  for  dyeing  in  the  continuous 
dyeing  machine  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the  directions  on 
page  10,  and  for  the  dyeing  of  sliver  the  quantities  are  those  indicated  on 
page  7. 


27 


HYDRON  BLUE  DYED  ON  WARPS  AND  SLIVER. 


WARPS  DYED  IN  THE  CONTINUOUS  DYEING  MACHINE. 


SLIVER  DYED  IN  APPARATUS. 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  COTTON  FABRICS. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger  with  squeezing  rollers  see  page  12. 


No.  49. 

4%  llydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  50. 

8%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  51. 

12%  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  52. 

4%  Hydron  Blue  It  pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  53. 

10%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

No.  54. 

16%  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  stated  are  those  absorbed  by  the  fibre  in  the 
standing  bath.  The  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the 
directions  on  page  12. 


28 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  COTTON  FABRICS. 


HYDBON  BLUE  G. 


HYDBON  BLUE  B. 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  SHIRTING,  AFTERTREATED  WITH  PERBORATE. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger  with  squeezing  rollers  see  page  12. 


No. 

55. 

5 

0/ 

/o 

ITydron 

Blue 

G 

pat. 

Paste 

20%. 

No. 

56. 

6 

% 

By  d ron 

Blue 

G 

pat. 

Paste  20%. 

9 

5% 

Ilydron 

Blue 

1? 

pat. 

Paste 

20%. 

No. 

57. 

6 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat. 

Paste 

20%. 

6 

% 

Ilydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20%. 

No. 

58. 

4 

% 

Hydron 

II I lie 

G 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

12 

0/ 

/o 

ITydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20%. 

After  dyeing  and  oxidising,  the  goods  are  rinsed  well  and  aftertreated 
in  the  last  rinsing  bath  in  accordance  with  the  directions  on  page  15  with 

5%  perborate  of  soda 

in  order  to  enhance  the  brightness  of  the  dyeings.  The  bath  is  gradually  heated 
to  the  boil. 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  stated  are  those  absorbed  by  the  fibre  in  the 
standing  bath.  The  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the 
directions  on  page  12. 


29 


VIII 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  CLOTH  FOR  WORKMENS  CLOTHES. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger  with  squeezing  rollers  see  page  12. 


No. 

59. 

4 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

4 

% 

Hydron 

No. 

00. 

9 

w> 

5% 

Hydron 

6 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

No. 

61. 

7 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

7 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

No. 

02. 

14 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

10 

0/ 

/o 

Hydron 

Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 
Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 
Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 
Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 

Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%. 
Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%. 


The  quantities  of  dyestuff  stated  are  those  absorbed  by  the  libre  in  the 
standing  bath.  The  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the 
directions  on  page  12. 


30 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  CLOTH  FOR  WORKMENS  CLOTHES. 


IX 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  DRESS  MATERIAL. 


For  directions  for  dyeing  in  the  jigger  with  squeezing  rollers  see  page  12. 


No. 

63. 

10% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

No. 

64. 

12% 

Ilydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

3% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20%. 

No. 

65. 

5% 

Ilydron 

Blue 

G 

pat  Paste 

20%. 

3% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20%, 

No. 

66. 

4% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

16% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat.  Paste 

20% 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  stated  are  those  absorbed  by  the  fibre  in  the 
standing  bath.  The  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the 
directions  on  page  12. 


31 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  DRESS  MATERIAL. 


HYDRON  BLUE  ON  LINEN  AND  HALF-LINEN. 


Patterns  Nos.  68  and  70  were  dyed  in  the  jigger  with  the  guide  rollers 
submerged  in  the  liquor,  Nos.  67  and  69  in  the  ordinary  jigger  provided  with 
squeezing  rollers,  in  both  cases  in  accordance  with  the  directions  on  page  15. 


No. 

67. 

6% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

6% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

No. 

68. 

12% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

No. 

69. 

15% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

No. 

70. 

3% 

Hydron 

Blue 

G 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

12% 

Hydron 

Blue 

R 

pat. 

Paste 

20% 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  stated  are  those  absorbed  by  the  fibre  in  the 
standing  bath.  The  starting  baths  have  to  be  charged  in  accordance  with  the 
directions  on  page  12. 


32 


XI 


SHIRTINGS  AND  BLOUSE  MATERIALS  BLEACHED  IN  THE  PIECE. 


Patterns  No.  71  and  72.  The  Blue  is  hank-dyed  in  the  vessel  on 
Egyptian  yarn  with  Hydron  Blue  G pat.  and  woven  together  with  raw 
Egyptian  yarn. 

The  corner  pattern  shows  the  shade  before  the  bleaching. 

The  pieces  are  bleached  in  the  following  manner: 

The  goods  are  boiled  in  the  piece  for  about  1 hour  with  y — Y>  lb 
Turkey-red  oil  or  Monosolvol  per  10  gallons  liquor,  rinsed,  and  bleached  for 
a few  hours  in  the  customary  manner  with  hypochlorite  of  soda  % — 1°  Tw., 
rinsed  again  once  or  twice,  and  then  soured  off  for  20  to  30  minutes  in  hydro- 
chloric acid  of  y2°  Tw. 

Then  treat  the  goods  in  a fresh  bath  containing  % — ly  oz  bisulphite 
of  soda  per  10  gallons,  leave  therein  for  15to20  minutes,  rinse  thoroughly,  and 
finally  soap  if  necessary. 

The  preparation  of  hypochlorite  of  soda  is  described  on  page  11. 


33 


XII 


LAWN-TENNIS  GOODS  BLEACHED  IN  THE  PIECE. 


Patterns  No.  73  and  74.  The  Blue  was  dyed  as  follows  on  unbleached 
yarn  in  cheeses: 

140  lbs  cheeses  to  about  150  gallons  liquor  dyed  in  the  machine  by  the 
packing  system: 

Starting  bath:  Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%  20  lbs  12%  lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  „ 6%  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  of  77°  Tw.  10  „ 5 „ 

Heat  the  bath  to  55 — 60°  C.  (130 — 140°  F.),  add  first  the  lye  and  then 
the  dyestuff,  and  hereafter  gradually  add  the  Hydrosulphite  previously  dissol- 
ved in  6 — 10  gallons  cold  water. 

After  a few  minutes,  enter  the  receptacle  containing  the  material  to  be 
dyed,  which  has  been  previously  wetted  for  20  minutes  in  boiling  hot  water 
and  then  rinsed  cold  once,  and  dye  for  about  30  minutes  at  55 — 60°  C. 
(130—1400  F.). 

After  dyeing,  give  a short  rinsing,  hydroextract,  and  complete  the 
rinsing. 

If  the  water  for  rinsing  remains  clear,  it  is  heated  to  50°  C.  (120°  F.), 
and  about  % lb  perborate  of  soda  is  added,  and  after  further  10  minutes 
another  % lb  of  this  ingredient  is  added.  Altogether  the  perborate  is  allowed 
to  act  for  20  to  30  minutes. 

The  dyed  yarn  is  then  woven  together  with  unbleached  yarn,  and 
bleached  in  the  piece  with  Turkey-red  oil  and  hypochlorite  of  soda  according 
to  the  particulars  given  on  page  33. 

No.  73  was  blued  in  a soap  bath  with  Alizarine  Cyanole  EF  pat-  after 
the  bleaching. 

No.  74  was  tinted  in  a soap  bath  with  Diamine  Fast  Yellow  FF  pat. 


after  the  bleaching. 


LAWN-TENNIS  GOODS  BLEACHED  IN  THE  PIECE. 


74 

CREAMED  AFTER  BLEACHING. 


XIII 


FABRICS  BLEACHED  IN  THE  PIECE. 


Nos.  75  and  76.  The  Blue  is  dyed  on  unbleached  yarn  with  Hydron 
Blue  G and  R,  and  then  woven  up  with  unbleached  yarn. 

The  pieces  so  produced  are  then  boiled  with  Turkey-red  oil  and  bleached 
with  hypochlorite  of  soda  as  stated  on  page  11. 

No.  75,  after  bleaching,  is  tinted  with  Diamine  Fast  Yellow  in  a 
soap  bath. 

The  dyeing  of  the  warp  in  pattern  No.  76  on  the  beam  in  the  apparatus 
is  carried  out  as  follows: 

For  140  lbs  warps  in  about  180  gallons  liquor  the  bath  is  charged 
approximately  as  follows: 


Starting  bath: 

Additions  for  subsequent  lots 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20%  12  >4 

lbs 

8%  lbs 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%  4 

Ji 

3 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  8 

if 

5/4  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  of  77°  Tw.  8 

if 

4 

The  warps  are  boiled  for  about  14  hour  in  soft  water,  and  then  rinsed 
once  with  cold  water. 

The  caustic  soda  lye  is  added  to  the  bath  first,  then  the  dyestuff,  and 
then  gradually  the  Iiydrosulphite  dissolved  in  cold  water.  The  goods  are 
then  dyed  for  about  an  hour  at  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.). 

After  dyeing,  the  liquor  is  immediately  removed  by  means  of  a pump 
and  the  warp  freed  from  excess  of  liquor  by  vacuum,  this  operation  being 
carried  out  as  quickly  and  effectively  as  possible.  Two  warm  baths  are  then 
given,  which  are  made  to  circulate  for  a few  minutes,  and  the  rinsing  is 
finally  completed  with  cold  water. 


35 


FABRICS  BLEACHED  IN  THE  PIECE. 


75 


76 


XIV 


FABRICS  COMPOSED  OF  DYED  AND  BLEACHED  YARN. 


The  dyebaths  for  the  Blues  shown  in  Nos.  77  and  78  are  charged  per 
90  lbs  unbleached  cotton  yarn  and  approx.  180  gallons  liquor  in  the  vat  as 
follows  (see  also  page  3) : 


For  No.  77. 

Starting  bath: 

Additions  for 

subsequent  lots: 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 

8 lbs 

5 14 

lbs 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 

4 „ 

3 

„ 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

6 „ 

4 

„ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

6 „ 

3 

if 

For  No.  78. 

Starting  bath: 

Additions  for 

subsequent  lots 

Hydron  Blue  G pat.  Paste  20% 

5 lbs 

4 

lbs 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20% 

5 „ 

4 

ft 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 

6 „ 

4 

» 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 

6 „ 

3 

V 

Add  the  lye  and  the  dyestuff  to  the  bath  at  about  60°  C.  (140°  F.),  and 
gradually  stir  in  the  Hydrosulphite  previously  dissolved  in  cold  water.  Allow 
the  bath  to  stand  for  about  5 minutes  until  the  liquor  has  a yellowish-orange 
appearance,  then  enter  the  yarn,  previously  boiled  in  the  customary  manner, 
and  dye  for  about  Yi  hour  on  bent  iron  rods. 

Hereafter  lift  the  yarn  stick  by  stick,  after  giving  each  stickful  a few 
turns  in  the  liquor,  squeeze  off,  and  wring  off  at  the  wringing  post.  Then 
hang  in  the  air  for  about  half-an-hour,  and  finally  rinse,  once  hot,  and 
then  cold. 


36 


FABRICS  COMPOSED  OF  DYED  AND  BLEACHED  YARN. 


CLOTH  FOR  APRONS  COMPOSED  OF  DYED  AND  BLEACHED  YARN. 


The  dyebaths  for  the  Blues  shown  in  Nos.  70  and  80  are  charged 
per  90  lbs  unbleached  cotton  and  approx.  180  gallons  liquor,  in  the  vessel,  as 
follows  (see  also  page  3) : 


For  Light  Blue  in  No.  79. 


Hydron  Blue  G pat  Paste  20% 
Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 


Starting  batli: 


3 lbs 

4 „ 

4 „ 


Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 


2 

2 

2 


lbs  9 07. 


For  Dark  Blue  in  No.  79  as  indicated  on  page  36  for  No.  77. 


For  No.  80. 

Hydron  Blue  G pat  Paste  20% 
Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder 
Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw. 


Starting  bath: 

5 lbs  9 oz 


3 


3 


99 


Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 

5 lbs 


2)4  „ 
2 K „ 


37 


XVI 


DRESS  GOODS  COMPOSED  OF  DYED  AND  BLEACHED  YARN. 


The  Blues  contained  in  Nos.  81  and  82  are  dyed  with  Hydron  Blue  It 
on  unbleached  cotton  yarn. 

For  dyeing  the  warp  of  No.  81  in  cheeses  by  the  packing  system,  the 
baths  are  charged  as  follows  (see  also  page  7) : 

For  170  lbs  Cheeses  in  approx.  180  gallons  liquor: 

Starting  bath:  Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%  20  lbs  13  lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  10  „ 6%  „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw.  10  „ 5 „ 

Dye  as  indicated  on  page  7. 

For  the  weft  of  No.  82  dyed  on  cops  in  an  apparatus,  the  baths  are 
charged  as  follows  (see  also  page  7): 

For  90  lbs  Cops  in  approx.  120  gallons  liquor: 


Starting  bath:  Additions  for  subsequent  lots: 

Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%  18  lbs  12  lbs 

Hydrosulphite  cone.  Powder  9 „ 6 „ 

Caustic  soda  lye  77°  Tw-  9 „ 4 „ 

Before  dyeing,  wet  the  cops  for  about  hour  in  boiling  hot  condensed 
water,  to  which  about  4 lbs  Monosolvol  are  added.  Hereafter  rinse  with  cold 
water. 

Then  dye  for  about  % hour  in  a bath  of  about  60°  C.  (140°  F.),  to 
which  the  caustic  soda  lye,  dyestuff  and  Hydrosulphite  have  been  previously 
added,  as  indicated  on  page  7. 

After  the  dyeing  is  completed,  the  receptacle  containing  the  goods  is 
lifted  and  the  liquor  removed  as  thoroughly  as  possible  by  means  of  a vacuum. 
Hereafter  the  goods  are  rinsed  in  a bath  of  50 — 60°  C.  (120 — 140°  F.),  the 
rinsing  being  then  completed  in  cold  water. 


XVII 


HYDRON  BLUE  PRINTED  ON  COTTON  CLOTH. 


No.  83.  Hydron  Blue  <$•  pat.  Paste  20%,  12 14  oz  per  gallon  of  print  colour. 
No.  84.  Hydron  Blue  R pat.  Paste  20%,  12*4  oz  per  gallon  of  print  colour. 

For  directions  for  printing  Hydron  Blue  see  page  18. 


39 


XVIII 


MANUFACTURE  LYONNAISE  DE  MATIERES  COLORANTES,  LYONS. 


Works  "La  Mouche”. 


RUSSIAN  ANILINE  COLOUR  WORKS  LEOPOLD  CASSELLA  & Co.,  RIGA. 


12.00  2^ 


Works  at  Riga. 


HY  CFKTER 


